Conservation Opportunity Areas
Conservation Opportunity Areas (COAs) represent specific areas on the landscape where actions will most likely lead to substantial improvements for wildlife and their habitats. The COAs should be considered voluntary guidance to prioritize areas where conservation efforts would be most effective. The AWCS includes two broad categories of COAs, terrestrial and aquatic. Both terrestrial and aquatic COAs are intended to complement each other and in many cases are located in the same area.
Terrestrial COAs represent geographic areas with high conservation value and high potential for successful project outcomes. Terrestrial COAs were identified based on species and habitat expertise, as well as wildlife and spatial data, and can encompass a variety of habitats and their associated species.
Aquatic COAs are focused strictly on aquatic resources, mostly native fish species. These aquatic COAs are based on AZGFD’s Watershed-based Fish Management Process (WFMP). This process provides systematic, data-driven methods to develop fisheries management plans at various scales.
Use the map below to explore terrestrial and aquatic COAs. Click on a polygon to visit a COA profile page, where you can explore species that occur there, threats to the COA, recommended conservation actions, and much more. To learn more about COAs, visit Chapter 4: A Comprehensive Conservation Approach.
Map Overview
Terrestrial COAs
- 4 FRI - Rim Country
- Agua Fria Riparian Corridor
- Anderson Mesa
- Appleton-Whittell and Las Cienagas
- Aravaipa Canyon Ecosystem
- Atascosa Highlands
- Aubrey Valley
- Bear Springs
- Bill Williams Complex
- Black Mountains
- Black River
- Bouse Dunes
- Buenos Aires NWR and Altar Valley
- Bush Fire and Three Bar Natural Research Area
- Canyon Creek
- Central Arizona Springsnails
- Central Yavapai County
- Chiracahua Mountains
- Coal Mine Spring
- Colorado River Nature Center Wildlife Area
- Cottonwood Seep
- Coyote-Baboquivari
- Coyote-Mamie
- Desert Mountains Complex
- Dos Cabezas
- Dragoon Mountains
- Eagle Creek
- East Verde River
- Escudilla
- Estrella Maricopa Corridor
- Galiuro-Winchester
- Garland Prairie
- Gila Box
- Gila River
- Goodwin and Contreras Mesas
- Grand Wash Cliffs North
- Grasslands Habitat Initiative
- Grasslands Wildlife Area
- Harquahala Plain
- Hassayampa
- House Rock Valley
- Huachuca Mountains
- Hualapai Valley
- Imperial-Cibola
- Ironwood National Monument
- Joshua Tree
- Kaibab Plateau
- King Valley
- Kofa Mountains
- Lake Havasu
- Leslie Canyon NWR
- Little Dragoons
- Lower Gila River
- Lower Little Colorado River
- Lower Oak Creek
- Lower Salt and Gila Rivers
- Lower San Pedro River
- Marble Canyon and Vermilion Cliffs
- McDowell-Superstitions-Mazatzal Mountains Linkage
- Middle Little Colorado River
- Mittry Lake Wildlife Area
- Mogollon Rim Snow Melt Draws Important Bird Area
- Mohawks
- Mule Mountains
- North Sulphur Springs Valley
- Nutrioso Rudd
- Old Hatchery
- Palomas Plain
- Patagonia Mountains
- Peloncillo Mountains North
- Peloncillo Mountains South
- Petrified Forest - Puerco River
- Phoenix Area Snails
- Pinaleño Mountains
- Porter Springs Wash and Cold Springs
- Queen Creek
- Quigley-Achee
- Quitobaquito
- Ranegras Plain
- Raymond Wildlife Area
- Rim 2 River
- Roosevelt Lake Wildlife Area
- Salt-Verde Ecosystem
- San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge
- San Francisco Blue
- San Francisco Peaks
- San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area
- San Rafael Grasslands
- Santa Rita Mountains
- Santa Rita Wildlife Areas
- Santa Teresa Wilderness
- Silver Creek to Little Colorado River
- Sonoita Creek SNA and Patagonia Lake
- Sonoita Creek TNC Preserve
- Sonoran Desert Borderlands
- Table Top Mountains
- Telegraph and Mescal Fires
- Tonto Creek
- Tortolita Mountains
- Tucson Mountains
- Tucson Sky Islands
- Tuzigoot
- Upper Little Colorado River Watershed
- Upper Oak Creek
- Upper Santa Cruz River
- Upper Verde River
- Vekol Valley
- Virgin River
- Weaver Mountains
- Whetstone Mountains
- White Mountains
- Whitewater Draw State Wildlife Area
- Willcox Playa and Cochise Lakes
- Woolhouse
- Yuma Desert
Aquatic COAs
Agua Fria River
- A D Wash (Agua Fria River-Lake Pleasant)
- Buckhorn Spring (Agua Fria River-Lake Pleasant)
- Copper Creek (Sycamore Creek-Agua Fria River)
- Cottonwood Tank (Luke Wash-Gila River)
- Grapevine Creek (Sycamore Creek-Agua Fria River)
- Horseshoe Ranch Pond
- Indian Creek (Sycamore Creek-Agua Fria River)
- Larry Creek (Sycamore Creek-Agua Fria River)
- Lousy Canyon (Sycamore Creek-Agua Fria River)
- Morgan City Wash (Agua Fria River below Lake Pleasant)
- Silver Creek (Sycamore Creek-Agua Fria River)
- Stop Sign Tank (Luke Wash-Gila River)
- Swimming Pool Tank (Luke Wash-Gila River)
- Sycamore Creek Below Double T Ranch Falls (Sycamore Creek-Agua Fria River)
- Tule Creek (Agua Fria River-Lake Pleasant)
- Twin Tanks (Luke Wash-Gila River)
Little Colorado River
- Alder Canyon
- Barbershop Canyon - East Clear Creek to Headwaters
- Bear Canyon Complex (East Clear Creek Drainage)
- Benny Creek - Hall Creek To headwaters
- Chevelon Canyon - Chevelon Canyon Lake to the confluence of Woods Canyon and Willow Springs Canyon
- Chevelon Canyon - Chevelon Crossing upstream to Chevelon Canyon Lake
- Chevelon Canyon - Horse Canyon upstream to Chevelon Crossing
- Chevelon Canyon - Little Colorado River upstream to Horse Canyon
- Chevelon Canyon Lake
- Clear Creek upstream of Clear Creek Reservoir to Willow Creek Confluence
- Colter Creek
- Coyote Creek - fish barrier to headwaters
- Dane Canyon Complex
- East Clear Creek - C.C. Cragin Reservoir to headwaters
- East Clear Creek - Leonard Canyon to C.C. Cragin Reservoir
- East Fork Little Colorado River - Fish barrier to headwaters
- East Fork Little Colorado River - Little Colorado River to fish barrier
- Fish Creek
- General Springs Canyon Complex
- Grasslands Wildlife Area pond
- Hall Creek - Little Colorado River Confluence to White Mountain Reservoir
- Houston Draw
- Kehl Canyon - East Clear Creek to Kehl Spring
- Kinlichee Creek
- Lee Valley Creek - Lee Valley Reservoir To Headwaters
- Leonard Canyon Complex
- Little Colorado River - Diversion Dam near Hwy 61
- Little Colorado River - Hwy 261 to River Reservoir
- Little Colorado River - Lower LCR-Colorado River to Blue Spring
- Little Colorado River - Lyman Lake to Hwy 261
- Miller Canyon Complex
- Mineral Creek - Fish Barrier to Headwaters
- Nutrioso Creek middle - USFS Boundary upstream to confluence with Hulsey Creek
- Nutrioso Creek upper - Hulsey Creek confluence to headwaters and tributaries
- Pinetop Ponds
- Rudd Creek
- Silver Creek - Bourdon Ranch Road to Silver Creek Hatchery Boundary
- Silver Creek - Woodruff Dam to White Mountain Lake
- South Fork Little Colorado River - upstream of fish barrier
- West Chevelon Canyon
- West Fork Little Colorado River - fish barrier to headwaters
- Willow Creek - Clear Creek to Headwaters
- Willow Springs Canyon - Chevelon Canyon to Willow Springs Lake
- Yeager Canyon - East Clear Creek to Headwaters
Verde River
- Alder Creek
- Beaver Creek
- Bonita Creek
- Camp Creek
- Chase Creek
- Deadman Creek
- Dry Beaver Creek
- Dude Creek
- East Verde River - Mail Creek to Ash Creek
- East Verde River-Ash Creek to Verde River
- Ellison Creek
- Fossil Creek
- Gap Creek
- Gorge Canyon
- Houston Creek
- Lime Creek
- Meath Wash Pond
- Oak Creek-Grasshopper Point to confluence with Verde River
- Oak Creek-headwaters to Grasshopper Point
- Pecks Lake
- Pine Creek-Above Hwy 87
- Pine Creek-Below Hwy 87
- Pine Creek-Williamson Valley Wash tributary
- Red Creek
- Red Tank Draw
- Rock Creek
- Round Valley Wash
- Roundtree Canyon
- Sheep Creek
- Sheepshead Canyon
- Spring Creek
- Sycamore Creek-Verde River Tributary
- Tangle Creek
- Verde River - Beasley Flat to full pool Horseshoe Reservoir
- Verde River - Hell Canyon to TAPCO Diversion
- Verde River - Sullivan Dam to Hell Canyon
- Verde River - TAPCO Diversion to Beasley Flat
- Walker Creek
- Walnut Creek Complex
- Webber Creek
- West Clear Creek-Headwaters to waterfall
- West Fork Oak Creek
- Wet Bottom Creek
- Willow Valley Creek
San Pedro River-Wilcox Playa
- Antelope Tank (Babocomari R)
- Aravaipa Creek (Lower Aravaipa Creek)
- Bald Hill Tank (Babocomari R)
- Bass Canyon Creek
- Bear Creek (Headwaters Las Nutrias)
- Big Tank
- Buehman Canyon (Redfield Canyon - San Pedro River)
- Bull Tank (Upper Ash Creek)
- Bullock Canyon (Redfield Canyon - San Pedro River)
- Cave Canyon (Headwaters Las Nutrias)
- Dale's Tank
- Deer Creek - Aravaipa (Lower Aravaipa Creek)
- Double R Canyon Creek(Muleshoe Coop Mgmt Area)(Hot Springs Canyon)
- Edgar Canyon Creek (Alder Wash - San Pedro R)
- Freeman Spring (Babocomari R)
- Headquarter Spring (Muleshoe Coop Mgmt Area)
- Home Ranch Tank (Upper Aravaipa Creek)
- Horse Tank
- Hot Springs Canyon (Muleshoe Coop Mgmt Area)(Hot Springs Canyon)
- Joaquin Creek (Headwaters Las Nutrias)
- Kingfisher Pond (SPRNCA)
- Larry-Charlie Tank (Muleshoe Coop Mgmt Area)(Hot Springs Canyon)
- Little Joe Wetland Pond (SPRNCA)
- Lodge Pond
- Lone Mountain Canyon (Headwaters Las Nutrias)
- Lower Guesthouse Pond
- Lower San Pedro Preserve-East Pond (Dodson Wash - San Pedro R)
- Lower San Pedro Preserve-West Pond (Dodson Wash - San Pedro R)
- Mint Spring (Muleshoe Coop Mgmt Area)
- Mud Spring (Headwaters Las Nutrias)
- Murray Spring (SPRNCA)
- O'Donnell Canyon (Babocomari R)
- Post Canyon (Babocomari R)
- Redfield Canyon (Muleshoe Coop Mgmt Area)(Redfield Canyon-San Pedro R)
- San Pedro River-Lower Reach (Near San Manuel-Gila R Conf.) (Tucson Wash, Dodson Wash-San Pedro R)
- San Pedro River-Middle Reach (Near St David-Near San Manuel, Ash Creek, Paige Creek, Redfield Canyon, Alder Wash-San Pedro R)
- San Pedro River-Upper Reach (International Border-Near St. David, Montezuma Canyon, Banning Creek, Walnut Gulch, Clifford Wash-San Pedro R)
- Secret Spring (Muleshoe Coop Mgmt Area)
- Swamp Springs Canyon Creek(Muleshoe Coop Mgmt Area, Redfield Canyon-San Pedro R)
- Sycamore Spring (Headwaters Las Nutrias)
- Turkey Creek (Babocomari R)
- Upper Guesthouse Pond
- West Turkey Creek (Turkey Creek)
- Wildcat Canyon (Muleshoe Coop Mgmt Area, Hot Springs Canyon)
Lower & Middle Gila River
- Arnett Creek (Upper Queen Creek)
- Boyce Thompson Arboretum (Upper Queen Creek)
- Mescal Creek (Dripping Springs Wash-Gila River)
- Mescal Warm Spring (Dripping Springs Wash-Gila River)
- Mineral Creek (Mineral Creek-Gila River)
Salt River
- Ash Creek (Salt River Draw-Salt River)
- Bear Wallow Creek (Middle Black River)
- Beaver Creek (Upper Black River)
- Black River (Upper Black River)
- Boggy Creek (Upper Black River)
- Boneyard Creek (Upper Black River)
- Burro Creek (Upper Black River)
- Campaign Creek (Pinto Creek)
- Cave Creek (Cave Creek - Arizona Canal Diversion Channel)
- Centerfire Creek (Upper Black River)
- Charlebois Spring (Salt River-Apache, Canyon, and Saguaro Lake)
- Cherry Creek (Salt River-Theodore Roosevelt Lake)
- Conklin Creek (Middle Black River)
- Coon Creek (Salt River-Theodore Roosevelt Lake)
- Cottonwood Creek (Salt River-Theodore Roosevelt Lake)
- Cottonwood Spring (Salt River-Apache, Canyon, and Saguaro Lake)
- Coyote Creek (Upper Black River)
- Deer Creek (Rye Creek-Tonto Creek)
- Deer Creek (Upper Black River)
- Dick Williams Creek (Haigler Creek-Tonto Creek)
- East Fork Black River (Upper Black River)
- Fish Creek (Salt River-Apache, Canyon, and Saguaro Lake)
- Fish Creek (Upper Black River)
- Gordon Canyon Creek (Haigler Creek-Tonto Creek)
- Greenback Creek (Gun Creek-Tonto Creek)
- Gun Creek (Gun Creek-Tonto Creek)
- Haigler Creek (Haigler Creek - Tonto Creek)
- Hannagan Creek (Upper Black River)
- Hay Creek (Upper Black River)
- Head Tank (Upper Black River)
- Hess Canyon (Salt River Draw-Salt River)
- Hidden Water Spring (Salt River-Apache, Canyon, and Saguaro Lake)
- Home Creek (Upper Black River)
- Houston Creek (Rye Creek-Tonto Creek)
- Hunter Creek (Haigler Creek-Tonto Creek)
- Indian Spring (Salt River-Apache, Canyon, and Saguaro Lake)
- Kayler Spring (Gun Creek-Tonto Creek)
- La Barge Creek (Salt River-Apache, Canyon, and Saguaro Lake)
- Lake Sierra Blanca (Upper Black River)
- Marsh Creek (Haigler Creek-Tonto Creek)
- Mashakattee Spring (Cave Creek-Arizona Canal Diversion Channel)
- Middle Water Spring (Tonto Creek-Theodore Roosevelt Lake)
- North Fork East Fork Black River (Upper Black River)
- Open Draw Creek (Upper Black River)
- Phoenix Zoo (Salt River below Saguaro Lake)
- Pinal Creek (Pinal Creek)
- Pinto Creek (Pinto Creek)
- Reavis Creek
- Reservation Creek (Middle Black River)
- Rye Creek (Rye Creek-Tonto Creek)
- Scottsdale Community College (Indian Bend Wash)
- Seven Springs Wash (Cave Creek-Arizona Canal Diversion Channel)
- Snake Creek (Middle Black River)
- Solar Oasis Pond (Cave Creek-Arizona Canal Diversion Channel)
- Soldier Creek (Middle Black River)
- Spring Creek (Haigler Creek-Tonto Creek)
- Stinky Creek (Upper Black River)
- Thompson Creek (Upper Black River)
- Tortilla Creek Drainage (Salt River-Apache, Canyon, and Saguaro Lake)
- Tucker Box (Salt River-Theodore Roosevelt Lake)
- Unnamed tributary to East Fork Black at Three Forks
- Walnut Spring #392 (Gun Creek-Tonto Creek)
- West Fork Black River (Upper Black River)
- West Fork Pinto Creek (Pinto Creek)
- Wildcat Creek (Upper Black River)
Santa Cruz River
- Ash Creek-George Wise Spring
- Bear Canyon-Sycamore Reservoir to Confluence with Sabino Canyon
- Boghole Ciénega
- Cave Canyon
- Ciénega Creek - Headwaters to I-10
- Ciénega Creek-I-10 to Del Lago Diversion Dam
- Coal Mine Canyon Complex
- Cott Tank Drainage
- Cottonwood Spring
- Fresno Canyon
- Fresno Spring
- Gardner Canyon
- Lampshire Canyon-Oak Grove Flat
- Monkey Spring
- Peck Canyon
- Peterson Ranch Pond
- Redrock Canyon
- Romero Canyon
- Sabino Creek Complex
- Santa Cruz River Headwaters to International Border
- Santa Cruz River-Potrero Creek Confluence to Elephant Head Road
- Sharp Spring Complex
- Sonoita Creek Headwaters to Patagonia Lake
- Temporal Gulch-Wilderness boundary to confluence with Sonoita Creek
Lower Colorado River
- Beal Lake
- Cibola High Levee Pond
- Colorado River and Associated Backwaters - Davis Dam to Lake Havasu
- Colorado River and Associated Backwaters - Imperial Division
- Colorado River and Associated Backwaters - Palo Verde and Cibola Divisions
- Colorado River and Associated Backwaters - Parker Strip
- Emerald Canyon Golf Course Ponds
- Imperial NWR - Ponds 1 - 6
- Lake Havasu
- Lake Mohave
- Palo Verde Oxbow Lake
- Parker Dam Pond
- Topock Marsh
Lower Colorado River-Lake Mead
- Beaver Dam Wash
- Bright Angel Creek (Shinumo Creek-Colorado River)
- Clear Creek (Bright Angel Creek-Colorado River)
- Colorado River
- Colorado River Lees Ferry Reach
- Colorado River Tributary Washes
- Havasu Creek (Lower Havasu Creek)
- Lake Mead
- North Canyon Creek (Colorado River)
- Shinumo Creek (Shinumo Creek-Colorado River)
- Tapeats Creek (Tapeats Creek-Colorado River)
- Virgin River (North Creek-Virgin River)
Bill Williams River
- Big Sandy River
- Bill Williams River - Alamo Lake to Lake Havasu
- Bill Williams River - Confluence of Big Sandy and Santa Maria rivers to Alamo Lake
- Boner Canyon Complex
- Boulder Creek Complex
- Burro Creek Complex
- Knight Creek Complex
- Santa Maria River Complex
- Sycamore Creek Complex
- Trout Creek Complex
Upper Gila River
- Blue River (Lower)
- Blue River (Upper)
- Buckalou Creek (Upper Blue River)
- Campbell Blue Creek Drainage Below Waterfalls (Upper Blue River)
- Cave Creek Drainage Streams (Cave Creek-San Simon River)
- Chitty Creek
- Cold Springs (Black Rock Wash-Gila River)
- Coleman Creek (Upper Blue River)
- Eagle Creek - Middle Reach (Lower Eagle Creek)
- Eagle Creek - Middle Reach Tributaries (Lower Eagle Creek)
- Eagle Creek - Upper Reach and Tributaries (Upper Eagle Creek)
- Fishhook Creek (Upper Blue River)
- Foote Creek (Upper Blue River)
- Grant Creek (Upper Blue River)
- Howard Well (Buckeye Wash-San Simon River)
- KP Creek (Upper Blue River)
- Lanphier Canyon (Upper Blue River)
- Lazy YJ Ranch Tank (Upper Blue River)
- McKittrick Creek (Upper Blue River)
- Pinaleño Mountains Streams (Cottonwood Wash, and Stockton Wash-Gila River)
- Raspberry Creek (Upper Blue River)
- San Francisco River and Tributaries Luna Lake to NM Border (Centerfire Creek-San Francisco River)
- San Francisco River AZ-NM Border to Gila Confluence (Mule Creek and Chase Creek-San Francisco River)
- San Francisco River-Middle Reach Tributaries (Mule Creek-San Francisco River)
- Sands Draw Wildlife Water (Whitlock Wash-Hospital Flat)
- Sardine Creek and Silver Creek Drainages (Chase Creek-San Francisco River)