In central Arizona, there are five described species of Pyrgulopsis springsnails (Page, Montezuma Well, Fossil, Verde Rim, and Brown) and two undescribed Pyrgulopsis springsnails (Bradshaw Mountains and Cold Water Springs). These freshwater mollusks are managed by multiple land management agencies across several drainage basins in Yavapai and Gila counties.
Conservation Goals
- Implement conservation actions in the Central Arizona Springsnails Strategic Conservation Plan (a CCA) to maintain and improve the status and distribution of these native snails and reduce threats to their populations and habitat.
Map
Primary Threats
3. Climate Change and Severe Weather
5. Disease, Pathogens, and Parasites
8. Invasive and Other Problematic Species
9. Natural System Modifications
Potential Conservation Actions
1. Land and Water Protection
- Conserve a variety of habitats that support healthy populations of fish and wildlife as climate changes.
- Protect and/or improve springsnail habitat with livestock exclosure fencing, add more hard substrates to springheads and spring channels, or modify existing springboxes to improve periphyton growth with more sunlight exposure.
2. Land and Water Management
- Restore and maintain diverse habitats to support broad species assemblages that account for range shifts.
- Eradicate, control and/or prevent introduction and spread of invasive and/or other problematic plants (Himalayan blackberry), animals (New Zealand mudsnail and crayfish), and pathogens ( chytrid fungus).
- Implement projects focused on improving the quality of altered systems creating suitable habitat and/or habitat features for wildlife.
- Maintain natural fire regimes on the landscape through prescribed burns and natural fire management.
Habitats Present
Strategy Species
Amphibians
Arizona Toad, Lowland Leopard Frog
Birds
Common Black Hawk, Cooper's Hawk, Golden Eagle, Western Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Arizona Bell's Vireo, Brown-crested Flycatcher, Western Wood-Pewee, Woodhouse's Scrub-Jay
Invertebrates
Bradshaw Mountain Springsnail, Brown Springsnail, Fossil Springsnail, Monarch, Montezuma Well Amphipod, Montezuma Well Springsnail, Page Springsnail, Tule Mesa Springsnail, Verde Rim Springsnail
Mammals
Allen's Lappet-browed Bat, Arizona Myotis, Big Free-tailed Bat, Fringed Myotis, Hoary Bat, Western Red Bat
Reptiles
Fish
See Associated Aquatic COAs for fish species.
Protected Areas and Other Areas of Conservation Value
- Page Springs and Bubbling Ponds Fish Hatcheries
- Montezuma Well National Monument
Potential Partners
- National Parks Service
- Tonto National Forest
- US Fish and Wildlife Service
- Private Landowners
Relevant Conservation Plans
- Gila Topminnow Revised Recovery Plan
- Mexican Spotted Owl Recovery Plan
- Chiricahua Leopard Frog Recovery Plan
- Page Springsnail Species Status Assessment
Associated Aquatic COAs
- Beaver Creek
- Fossil Creek
- Gap Creek
- Oak Creek-Grasshopper Point to confluence with Verde River
- Page Family Property
- Pine Creek-Above Hwy 87
- Pine Creek-Below Hwy 87
- Pine Creek-Williamson Valley Wash tributary
- Red Tank Draw
- Sheepshead Canyon
- Spring Creek
- Verde River - Beasley Flat to full pool Horseshoe Reservoir
- Walker Creek